Juhudi za amani Mashariki ya Kati.

Mjumbe maalum wa Marekani George Mitchell akutana na Waziri mkuu wa Israel Benjamin Netanyahu.

Marekani na Israel zinajibidisha kutatua tofauti kati yao kuhusu makaazi ya walowezi katika ardhi ya Palestina.

Mjumbe maalum wa Marekani Mashariki ya Kati, George Mitchell alifanya mazungumzo yaliyokuwa yakisubiriwa kwa hamu, na Waziri Mkuu wa Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, huku bado tofauti zikwepo, baina ya washirika hao wawili kuhusu makaazi ya walowezi wa kiyahudi huko West Bank. Na nchini Iraq, Waziri wa ulinzi wa Marekani Robert Gates alifanya ziara ambayo haikutarajiwa kwa mara ya kwanza tangu vikosi vya Marekani kuondoka katika miji ya Iraq.
Mkutano kati ya Netanyahu na Mitchell ulifanyika faraghani katika afisi ya Waziri huyo mkuu mjini Jerusalem.
Ilikuwa dhahiri katika mazungumzo yao, Viongozi hao wawili walikuwa wanajaribu kuziba nyufa zilizojitokeza katika uhusiano kati ya Marekani na Israel kuhusiana na hatua ya Israel kuendelea na ujenzi wa makaazi ya kiyahudi huko Jerusalem Mashariki. Utawala wa rais Obama haujaficha, hadharani na faraghani umesisitita kwa juhudi zozote za amani kufaulu ni lazima Israel isitishe ujenzi wa makaazi hayo. Ndio ujumbe Mitchell alifika nao kutoka mjini Washington.
Israel hata hivyo ina msimamo tofauti......inataka kuendeleza baadhi ya ujenzi ili kuwapa makaazi Wayahudi wanaoishi Jerusalem Mashariki na huko West Bank.
Bildunterschrift:

Rais wa Palestina Mahmoud Abbas akutana na George Mitchell.
Jana katika mkutano wake na Rais wa Palestina Mahmoud Abbas huko Ramallah- Mitchell alikiri kuwepo kwa tofauti kati ya Marekani na Israel, na kwamba utawala wa Rais Barack Obama bado haujapata ufumbuzi wa swala la kuishurutisha Israel isimamishe kabisa ujenzi wa makaazi katika ardhi inazozikalia za Palestina. ''' Msimamo wa kisiasa wa Marekani haujabadilika- Israel lazima isitishe ujenzo wote kama hatua ya kwanza ya kupatikana kwa amani ya kudumu katika eneo hilo.'' alisema Mitchell.
Alipokutana na Rais wa Israel Shimon Peres, Mitchell alimhakikishia Peres kwamba tofauti zao kuhusiana na swala la ujenzi watajadiliana kama marafiki na washirika wakuu, na kwamba swala hili halitaathiri uhusiano wa muda mrefu kati ya Marekani na Israel.
Mitchell pia aliwatolea wito mataifa mengine ya Kiarabu kuanzisha juhudi za kuanzisha upya uhusiano na Israel. Mpatanishi mkuu wa Palestina Saeb Erakat ambaye pia alikutana na Mitchell aliishtumu Israel kwa kutumia upanuzi wa makaazi katika ardhi ya Palestina kama kisingizio cha kukwamisha juhudi za upatanishi na kupatikana kwa dola la Kipalestina.
Tukiingia nchini Iraq- Waziri wa ulinzi wa Marekani Robert Gates alifanya ziara ambayo haikutarijiwa nchini Iraq. Gates alifika Iraq baaada ya ziara fupi nchini Israel na Jordan katika mfulilizo wa ujumbe mzito wa Marekani kufufua juhudi za amani Mashariki ya Kati.

Robert Gates afanya ziara ya kwanza Iraq, tangu vikosi vya Marekani kuondoka katika miji mikuu, Juni 30.

Nchini Israel Gates alisema Iran yenye nyuklia Iran ni tihsio kubwa kwa usalama wa eneo zima la Mashariki ya Kati.
Ziara ya Gates Iraq- ndiyo ziara ya pili ya afisa mkuu wa Marekani tangu vikosi vya Marekani kuondoka kutoka miji mikuu ya Iraq, tarehe 30 mwezi Juni. Makamu wa Rais wa Marekani Joe Biden alisherehekea siku ya uhuru wa Marekani, Julai 4 nchini Iraq. Ziara hii ya Gates pia inakuja wiki moja baada ya Waziri mkuu wa Iraq Nuri-al- Maliki kukutana na Rais Obama mjini Washington, Marekani.

sasa moto chini, tia mwanafunzi mimba uone....

‘Wazee wa Mbeya wana darubini za kutambua watu wanaotia mimba wanafunzi’

Darubini ni kifaa kinachotumika kutazamia vitu vilivyo mbali. Lakini kutokana na mabadiliko ya teknolojia, kifaa hicho kimekuwa kikitumika kwa shughuli mbalimbali, zikiwemo shughuli za kisayansi, kivita na hata kutazama vitu vilivyopo angani, kama vile mwezi, jua na nyota. Darubini ya kwanza inayojulikana, ilitengenezwa mwaka 1608 na Mholanzi Hans Lipperhey, aliyekuwa fundi miwani. Mfano wake ulichukuliwa na kuboreshwa na raia wa Italia, Galileo Galilei, aliyeanza kuitumia mwaka 1610 kwa kuangalia nyota. Darubini ziliendelea kuboreshwa katika karne zilizofuata. Mtambo mpya ulipatikana katika Karne ya 20, kwa kutumia mnunurisho wa sumaku umeme kutoka nyota, iliyoendelezwa kuwa darubini redio. Maendeleo ya sayansi na teknolojia, yamewezesha mtoto aliye tumboni kwa mama, kujulikana ni wa jinsi gani, yaani kama ni wa kiume au wa kike. Pia teknolojia imerahisisha baba wa mtoto kutambulika, ambapo kama ikitokea baba atamkana mtoto wake, inashauriwa kutumia vipimo vya vinasaba (DNA). Vipimo hivyo ni rahisi kugundua kama mtoto ni wake ama la. Lakini, nchi za Magharibi zikiwa zimepiga hatua kubwa katika maendeleo ya sayansi na teknolojia, nchini Tanzania, hususani wilaya ya Mbeya, baadhi ya wazee wa mila kupitia kamati zao za ufundi, wanazo darubini zinazowawezesha kutambua watu wanaowapa mimba wanafunzi, wezi na wapiga nondo. Hivi karibuni wazee wa mila wa kabila la Wasafwa, wakiwemo Machifu na Mamwene, waliitisha mkutano uliomshirikisha Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Mbeya, John Mwakipesile, uliokuwa una lengo la kujadili masuala mbalimbali, ikiwamo kudhibiti mimba za wanafunzi, mauaji ya albino na wapiga nondo, ulinzi kwa viongozi wa ngazi ya wilaya hadi Taifa na kuomba Serikali iwatambue. Mwenyekiti wa Mila wa Wilaya ya Mbeya (Mwene Mkuu), Shao Soja Masoko, anasema wazee wa mila wanakerwa na vitendo vya wanaume kuwapa mimba wanafunzi na kisha kukana mimba hizo. Anasema hali hiyo imesababisha wasichana wengi wakatishe masomo, hivyo kuwa chanzo cha watoto hao kushindwa kupata elimu. Anasema wazee wa mila, wana uwezo wa kukabiliana na tatizo la wanafunzi kupata mimba, kwa kuwapa adhabu wanaume wanaowapa mimba wanafunzi. Adhabu hiyo itakuwa ni fundisho kwa wanaume wote; na watakaogopa kuwagusa wanafunzi, kwa kuwa madhara ya kufanya hivyo, yatakuwa yanaeleweka. “Mheshimiwa Mkuu wa Mkoa tunachoomba serikali ya mkoa itupatie kibali cha kuwadhibiti watu wanaowapa mimba wanafunzi na kukana kuwa na uhusiano na wasichana hao, kwa kuwapa adhabu ya kuwahamishia mimba hizo katika matumbo yao na wasichana kuendelea na masomo kama kawaida,” anasema. Anasema mimba kwa wanafunzi imekuwa ni kero kubwa katika jamii. Anasema kwamba badala ya serikali kuendelea na mikakati ya kuboresha sekta ya elimu nchini, sasa inalazimika kukabiliana na mimba kwa wanafunzi na utoro, mambo yanayopaswa kudhibitiwa na wananchi wenyewe katika maeneo wanayoishi. Anaomba serikali iwape kibali cha kudhibiti mimba, kwa wanafunzi wa shule za msingi na sekondari. "Machifu na Mamwene tuna darubini zetu, tuna uwezo wa kuona mbali. Ukitupa kibali tunaweza kuwadhibiti wanaowapa mimba wanafunzi, kwa kuzihamishia mimba hizo kwao na mwanafunzi kuendelea na masomo salama salimini, huku akiwa si mjamzito tena," anasema na kuongeza kuwa hilo litakuwa fundisho kwa wengine. Chifu Roketi Mwashinga anasema wazee wa mila, wana uwezo wa kusaidia shughuli mbalimbali katika jamii, ikiwamo kudhibiti watu waovu. Hata hivyo, anasema kuwa serikali imewasahau na kuwatenga, hali inayosababisha washindwe kutoa ushirikiano, hata pale wanaposhuhudia maovu yanatendeka mbele yao. Anasema miaka ya nyuma walikuwa wakishirikishwa, lakini hivi sasa hawashirikishwi katika mambo mbalimbali, hali inayofanya wasiheshimike katika jamii na hivyo kutopewa nafasi. "Tukishirikishwa, tunaweza kusaidiana na viongozi wa serikali, lakini kama tutaendelea kubaguliwa, basi hatutakuwa na la kufanya," anasema. Wanaiomba serikali iwatambue na kuwashirikisha katika shughuli mbalimbali. Anasema kutofuatiliwa kwa wahamiaji wageni katika mitaa na kudharauliwa kwa wazee wa mila, ndio chanzo cha kuongezeka kwa vitendo viovu katika jamii, ikiwamo mauaji ya albino na raia wema kushambuliwa kwa kupigwa nondo na kunyang'anywa mali walizonazo. Anasema kukithiri kwa vitendo viovu katika jamii, kunachangiwa na Serikali kutowathamini wazee wa mila na kuwashirikisha katika kudhibiti vitendo hivyo. Anasema kupitia darubini zao, wazee wa mila wanaweza kuwadhibiti wanaofanya vitendo hivyo, kwa kuwafanya wawe vichaa au wajipeleke wenyewe katika vituo vya polisi na kujieleza. Hata hivyo, anasema tabia ya baadhi ya polisi kushindwa kutunza siri, zinazotolewa na raia wema, imekuwa ni kikwazo kwa wananchi kutoa ushirikiano kwa jeshi hilo. Anaitaka Serikali kuwadhibiti askari wasio waaminifu ili maovu yadhibitiwe katika jamii. "Kama serikali itakuwa tayari kushirikiana na sisi, tunakuomba wewe na sisi tuongozane katika operesheni ya kukamata wapiga nondo kutoka eneo moja hadi jingine. Kwa kutumia kamati zetu za ufundi, wote watapatikana na wengine watajipeleka wao wenyewe katika vituo vya polisi, wakiwa na viungo vya binadamu na kuanza kutoa maelezo wao wenyewe bila kuhojiwa," anasema. Akizungumzia mauaji ya albino, anasema ili vitendo hivyo vidhibitiwe, ni lazima serikali ishirikiane na waganga wa kienyeji. "Ukitaka kumkamata mwizi ni lazima umtumie mwizi mwenzake," anasema. Anaongeza kuwa waganga wa jadi, ndio wanaoweza kusaidia kukomesha mauaji ya albino. Mwashinga anaitaka serikali, kuangalia upya utaratibu wa usajili wa waganga wa kienyeji. Anasema utafiti wao wamebaini kuwa waganga wanaohusika na mauaji hayo, wengi wanatoka nje ya mkoa wa Mbeya, sanjari na wapiga nondo. Anawataka machifu na mamwene, kuwaonya watoto wao wasijihusishe na vitendo hivyo. Mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Waganga wa Jadi Mkoa wa Mbeya, Jeiko Ngurunguru, anasema waganga wanaotuma watu wakaue albino, si waganga wa jadi, bali ni wanamazingaombwe na matapeli wanaotoka nje ya Mkoa wa Mbeya. Anasema ikiwa serikali itahakikisha kuwa waganga wasio na vibali, hawaruhusiwi kufanya shughuli za tiba asili, mauaji hayo yatadhibitiwa. Anasema uganga ni jambo la kurithi na waganga wa kweli, wanafahamika katika jamii na historia yao inafahamika, wanafanya kazi kwa uwazi na pale wanawatumia dawa za asili katika kutoa tiba na si vinginevyo. Hata hivyo, anasema hivi sasa yameibuka makundi ya wanamazingaombwe na wapiga ramli, ambao wanawadanganya wananchi na kufanya vitendo vingi viovu katika jamii. “Hawa ni sawa na wanaokula nyama za watu, mganga wa kweli utatumaje mtu akaue binadamu mwenzake, hawa si waganga, hakuna mganga anayeweza kumwambia mtu akanajisi watoto, akaue vikongwe,” anasema. Anaongeza kuwa kuwafumbia macho wapiga ramli, ipo hatari kwa vitendo viovu kuendelea kuongezeka katika jamii. Kamanda wa Polisi wa Mkoa wa Mbeya, Zelothe Stephen, anasema jeshi la polisi limekuwa likiboreshwa kiutendaji. Anasema kwamba wananchi wanatakiwa kutoa taarifa za siri kwa viongozi wa jeshi hilo; na zitafanyiwa kazi kwa haraka; na mwananchi aliyetoa siri, hatatajwa popote pale. Kwa upande wa Mkuu wa Mkoa Mbeya, John Mwakipesile, anawapongeza mamwene na machifu, kwa kuanzisha umoja wao, ambapo anasema serikali inawatambua na kwamba inaelewa mchango wao katika shughuli za maendeleo. "Serikali haijasahau, inawatambua na inaelewa mchango wenu katika shughuli za maendeleo," anasema. Mwakipesile anasema Serikali itaendelea kushirikiana nao katika shughuli mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwakutanisha na viongozi wa kitaifa, wanaotembelea Mkoa wa Mbeya kwa ziara za kikazi. Baadhi ya wananchi wanasema teknolojia hiyo ya kuhamishia mimba, itakuwa ya kwanza na ya aina yake kutokea duniani. Solomoni Mwansele anasema kuwa ikiwa jambo hilo ni la kweli; na ikatokea kweli mwanaume akahamishiwa mimba kwa njia za kimaajabu na wazee hao wa mila, Tanzania inaweza kuushangaza ulimwengu. Anasema ubunifu huo, unaweza kusaidia kukabiliana na mimba za wanafunzi. Brandy Nelson anasema kuwa Serikali haiamini katika masuala ya ushirikina na ni ndoto kwa serikali kutoa kibali kama hicho. “Siamini kama kinachoongelewa kinawezekana, wapo watoto wa machifu na wazee wa mila wanapata mimba, lakini hatujawahi kushuhudia wakiwa wamewahamishia mimba wanaume waliowapa mimba watoto wao,” anasema. Anahoji kwa nini wazee hao wa mila, waibuke leo wakati tatizo la mimba limepigiwa kelele kwa muda mrefu?

sound of freedom......

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we've come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.
In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds."
But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.
We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.
It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.
The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.
We cannot walk alone.
And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead.
We cannot turn back.
There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: "For Whites Only." We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until "justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."¹
I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.
Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends.
And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification" -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together."2
This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with.
With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:
My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing.
Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride,
From every mountainside, let freedom ring!
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.
But not only that:
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:
Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!3

Ujenzi wa makaazi waisukuma Israel katika hali ya kutengwa

Kutokana na sera yake ya ujenzi wa makaazi ya walowezi wa kiyahudi katika eneo la Jerusalem Mashariki, Israel imeendelea kukosolewa na jumuiya ya kimataifa. Marekani imekuwa ya kwanza kuitolea wito serikali ya Israel iachane na ujenzi wa makaazi hayo. Jana Umoja wa Ulaya, Ufaransa na Urusi nazo zikaurudia wito huo. Lakini serikali ya Israel imeipuuzilia mbali miito hiyo na kuimarisha udhibiti wa eneo la Jerusalem Mashariki. Mwandishi wetu Sebastian Engelbrecht katika maoni yake anasema Israel iko katika hatari ya kuupotoze urafiki na washirika wake muhimu.
Israel inawapoteza marafiki zake wazuri kabisa inayowategemea. Kwa mfano rais wa Marekani Barack Obama. Hatua ya Israel kukataa miito ya kuachana na ujenzi wa makaazi ya walowezi wa kiyahudi ni pigo kubwa kwa rais Obama anayetaka kuunzisha tena mchakato wa kusaka amani ya Mashariki ya Kati. Rais Obama anataka ujenzi wa makaazi ya walowezi wa kiyahudi katika Ukingo wa Magharibi na Jerusalem Masahriki ukomeshwe. Lakini serikali ya Israel inayoongozwa na waziri mkuu Benjamin Netanyahu inaendelea kujenga nyumba zaidi katika maeneo ya Wapalestina, inateka ardhi ya Wapalestina na kuigawanya.
Ili kuiridhisha Marekani, waziri Netanyahu amesitisha ujenzi wa barabara kadhaa katika Ukingo wa Magharibi na kuruhusu kuvunjwa kwa makaazi kadhaa yanaolezwa kuwa yasiyo halali. Idadi ya makaazi ya walowezi wa kiyahudi inaendelea kuongezeka huku serikali ikifahamu na ikiridhia. Mnamo mwaka 1967 Israel ililichukua eneo la Jerusalem Mashariki na leo hii kuna walowezi takriban 500,000 wa kiyahudi wanaoishi katika eneo hilo. Waziri mkuu Netanyahu anataka kuifanya ardhi iliyo magharibi mwa mto Jordan, ambayo yeye mwenyewe aniita, Judea na Samaria, kuwa ya wayahudi na kuwafanya Wapalestina wanaoishi katika eneo hilo kuwa watu wa tabaka la pili. Na ijapkokuwa Netanyahu ameshazungumzia mpango wa kuundwa taifa huru la Palestina mwezi mmoja uliopita, lengo lake la dola kuu la kiyahudi la Israel, unabakia pale pale; mipaka inayoanzia bahari ya Mediterenia hadi Jordan.
Kwa mantiki hii, bwana Netanyahu ameiashiria Marekani kwamba ataendelea kupambana vikali kuhusu swala la ujenzi wa makaazi ya walowezi wa kiyahudi katika Jerusalem Mashariki. "Wayahudi wana haki ya kuishi mahala popote mjini Jerusalem na kujenga," ameshawahi kusema kiongozi huyo wa Israel. Hoja yake ni kwamba kama mtu angewapiga marufuku Wayahudi kuishi katika sehemu fulani za mjini London, New York, Paris au Roma, kungepigwa makelele na jumuiya ya kimataifa.
Netanyahu anaiona miito ya kuyavunja makaazi ya wayahudi katika Ukingo wa Magharibi kuwa na maana ya ubaguzi dhidi ya Wayahudi. Anayevuruga historia na wakati wa sasa hana haja ya kupigwa na mshangao wakati marafiki wazuri na anaowategemea watakapomuaga kwaheri.
Ikiwa waziri mkuu Netanyahu ataendelea kuongoza namna hii, Israel itawapoteza marafiki zake wazuri. Ikiwa kiongozi huyo wa chama cha Likud nchini Israel ataendelea hivyo, nchi yake pole pole itaingia katika hali ya kutengwa. Ishara tayari zimejitokeza kutokana na matamshi ya Ruprecht Polenz, mwenyekiti wa kamati ya mashauri ya kigeni katika bunge la Ujerumani. Mwanasiasa huyo wa chama cha Christian Democratic Union, CDU, amesema Israel iko katika hatari ya kujitia kitanzi yenyewe kama taifa la kidemokrasia, iwapo itaendelea na ujenzi wa makaazi ya walowezi wa kiyahudi katika maeneo ya Wapalestina. Polenz amenena kweli. Netanyahu anapoteza karata yake ya mwisho anaoicheza.

INAWEZEKANA NI KWELI WANAFUNZI HUENDA VYUO KULINGANA NA HUU MCHANGANUO?

>>1. Maskini,waoga na washamba-SUA
> > 2. Matajiri,wajanja na wenye akili-MZUMBE
> > 3. Wenye akili chache,wavivu na matozi,masister> duu-CBE DAR
> > 4. Malaya, wasanii,wauza sura na wasio jiweza> kiakili-IFM
> > 5. Upeo mdogo,wapenda sifa na watoto wa mama-> TUMAINI UNIVERSITY
> > 6. Wazalendo wenye asili ya Arusha na> Moshi-MUCCOBS
> > 7. Wapenda ofa duni za serikali-TIA
> > 8. Waliokosa vyuo kabisa-RUCCO
> > 9. Mafundi-DIT,ST JOSEPH
> > 10. Wapenda dezo na wamekosa nafasi UDSM-UNIVERSITY OF> DODOMA
> > 11. Wasiojali future,watoto wa geti kali-SAUT
> > 12. wenye uwezo wa kipesa na> kiakili but walifeli form4-6-IAA
> > 13. Wanaosoma sana but silent-ST> JOHN,KCMC,BUGANDO
> > 14. Wasiofahamu umuhimu wa elimu-CHUO CHA MIPANGO DOM, ZANZIBAR UNIVERSITY> ,MORO MUSLIMU,NYUKI TABORA
> > 15. Wakujitolea na future duni-DUCE,MUCE,KIGURUNYEMBE
> > 16. Wasiojali nchi mamluki-ABROAD
> > 17. Watu wa sifa zote hapo juu za> kila aina-UDSM
> > "Unayaona hayo mambo?

Hisia za Waghana na Wakenya kuhusu ziara ya Obama

Rais wa Marekani Barrack Obama alifanya uamuzi kuzuru taifa la Ghana katika ziara yake ya kwanza barani Afrika tangu alipochukua wadhifa wa rais wa Marekani mapema mwaka huu.
Hatua hii imewaghadhabisha raia wengi nchini Kenya ambao walimtarajia Obama kuzuru Kenya kwanza, taifa ambalo anatoka babake mzazi.
Raia wengine nchini humo wamesema hatua ya Obama kutozuru Kenya ni kwa sababu ya kutoridhishwa kwake na jinsi serikali ya muungano nchini humo inavyoendesha shughuli zake.
Raia hawa wametaja hatua hiyo kama ujumbe unaonuiwa kuwasukuma viongozi nchini humo kubadilisha sera zao za uongozi na kuimarisha utenda kazi wao.
Na wakenya wakiendelea kutafakari hatua ya rais huyo wa Marekani, nchini Ghana ziara ya Obama imesubiriwa kwa hamu kuu, huku wengi wa raia waliofurahia hatua hiyo wakiitaja kama baraka kwa taifa hilo.
Kulingana na wengine ziara hiyo inadhihirisha jinsi taifa hilo linavyothaminiwa na jamii ya kimataifa.
Akieleza sababu ya kutozuru Kenya, Obama alisema alikuwa tayari amezuru nchi hiyo wakati akiwa seneta wa jimbo la Ilinois huko Marekani na kwamba hakutaka kuonekana kama anayependelea nchini yoyote.
Taarifa za awali kutoka ikulu ya Whitehouse zilisema kwamba Obama aliazimia kuimarisha uhusiano wa Marekani na Ghana, na kusistiza umuhimu wa demokrasia na uongozi bora katika kufanikisha maendeleo ya taifa hilo.
Licha ya matarajio makubwa ya bara la Afrika kutoka kwa kuchaguliwa kwa Obama kama rais wa Marekani, bara hilo maskini halijapewa kipaumbele na rais Obama ambaye amezingatia zaidi vita nchini Iraq na Afghanistan, na misimamo ya kinuclear ya Iran na Korea Kaskazini.
Ziara ya Obama nchini Ghana si ya kwanza kwa rais wa Marekani, huku marais wa awali Bill Clinton na George Bush wakiwa walizuru taifa hilo wakati wa hatamu zao za uongozi.
Akieleza sababu ya kutozuru Kenya, Obama alisema alikuwa tayari amezuru nchi hiyo wakati akiwa seneta wa jimbo la Ilinois na kwamba hakutaka kuonekana kama anayependelea nchini yoyote.
Na ziara ya Obama nchini Ghana si ya kwanza kwa rais Marekani, huku marais wa awali Bill Clinton na George Bush wakiwa walizuru taifa hilo wakati wa hatamu zao za uongozi.

Dondoo za hotuba ya Rais Obama

Rais Barack Obama ametoa hotuba yake ya kwanza iliyolenga hasa bara Afrika huku akisisitiza umuhimu wa bara hili kwa ulimwengu mzima, utawala bora na akaangazia pia changamoto zinazotokana na migogoro pamoja na ufisadi.
Umuhimu wa Afrika
Sioni tofauti kubwa kati ya nchi na watu wa Afrika. Naitizama Afrika kama sehemu muhimu ya dunia. Naitizama kama mshirika wa Marekani hasa kwa kuzingatia mustakabali wa maisha ambayo tungependa kuwarithisha watoto wetu.
Ukoloni na wajibu
Ni rahisi mno kunyoosha kidole na kuwalaumu watu wengine kwa matatizo ya Afrika. Naam, ni dhahiri kwamba mipaka iliyowekwa na wakoloni ilibuni mizozo, na kila mara nchi zilizostawi hujiona kuwa mlezi na sio mshirika wa Afrika.
Lakini huwezi kulaumu nchi za Magharibi kwa uharibifu wa uchumi wa Zimbabwe katika mwongo uliopita au kuzilaumu kwa vita ambapo hata watoto husajiliwa kama wapiganaji.
Nyakati zile za babangu, matatizo yaliyokuwa yakiikabili Kenya baada ya kupata uhuru yalikuwa kwa kiasi ukabila au unayemjua mamlakani. Ni matatizo kama haya ambayo yaliparaganya amali yake na tunafahamu vyema kwamba imekuwa kawaida kwa watu wengi kukabiliana na aina hii ya ufisadi.
Utawala
Maendeleo yanategemea utawala bora. Huo ndio mhimili ambao unakosa katika sehemu mbalimbali na kwa muda mrefu. Hayo ndiyo mabadiliko ambayo yanaweza kuimarisha Afrika. Na hilo ni jukumu la Waafrika wenyewe.
Ufisadi
Ukandamizaji unatekelezwa kwa njia tofauti tofauti. Nchi nyingi zinakumbana na matatizo ambayo yametumbukiza wananchi wao katika umaskini.
Hakuna nchi yoyote ambayo itaweza kupata ufanisi ikiwa kiongozi wake anajilimbikizia mali ya umma au polisi wanapokula rushwa kutoka kwa wauzaji wa mihadarati.
Hakuna yeyote ambaye angependa kuishi katika nchi ambayo haizingatii utawala wa sheria, badala yake inatawaliwa kinyama na ufisadi.
Hiyo siyo demokrasia, ni udhalimu. Wakati umefika wakukomesha utawala kama huo. Afrika haihitaji wababe bali taasisi imara za utawala.

Msaada
Ingawa Waafrika wanatarajia kupata msaada, Marekani itatoa msaada wake kwa njia ya kuwajibika.
Tutapunguza malipo yanayotolewa kwa wataalamu na usimamizi wa miradi ili kiasi kikubwa cha msaada wetu kiwafikie walengwa na kutoa mafunzo ya kuwahamasisha watu kujitegemea.
Kwa sababu hiyo tumetoa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.5 kwa mpango wa kuhakikisha kuna chakula cha kutosha kwa kuzingatia njia mpya za uzalishaji na teknolojia kwa wakulima.
Sio tu kuuza bidhaa za Marekani barani Afrika. Msaada sio jawabu kwa matatizo.
Umuhimu wa msaada wa kutoka nje ni kubuni mazingira ambayo yataondoa mazoea ya kutegemea msaada.
Afya
Madaktari na wauguzi wengi kutoka Afrika wanavutiwa na mazingira mazuri ya kufanya kazi katika nchi zilizostawi. Wao huamua kwenda ng’ambo au kushughulikia aina moja tu ya maradhi.
Hali hii husababisha ukosefu wa huduma za kutoa afya ya msingi na kinga dhidi ya maradhi.
Hata hivyo, kila Mwaafrika ana wajibu wa kusaidia katika kuzuia maambukizo ya ugonjwa na kukuza afya bora katika jamii na nchi zao.
Migogoro
Hebu nikariri hili. Afrika sio kikaragosi cha bara lililoghubikwa na vita. Lakini kwa Waafrika wengi maisha ya vita yamekuwa ya kawaida.
Kuna mizozo kuhusu ardhi na rasilmali. Inashangaza kwamba bado kuna wale wenye dhamira mbaya ya kuwachochea kabila zima kupigana.Migogoro hii ni mzigo mkubwa ambao umeibana Afrika.
Sota tuna njia nyingi za kujitambulisha kama vile kabila na ukoo, dini au uraia. Lakini mtindo huu wa kujitambulisha kwa misingi hii haina nafasi katika karne hii ya 21.
Yafaa anuwai ya Afrika iwe chanzo cha nguzo na sio migawanyiko.

Obama concludes meeting with Pope Benedict XVI

VATICAN CITY – President Barack Obama sat down with Pope Benedict XVI at the Vatican on Friday for a meeting in which frank but constructive talks were expected between two men who agree on helping the poor but disagree on abortion and stem cell research.
"It's a great honor," Obama said as he greeted the pope, thanking him for this first meeting. They sat down at the pontiff's desk and exchanged pleasantries before reporters and photographers were ushered out of the ornate room.
The pope was heard asking about the Group of Eight summit, the meeting of developed nations that concluded before Obama's arrival at Vatican City. Obama said it "was very productive."
The pope and Obama met for half an hour, then were joined by first lady Michelle Obama.
Upon leaving, Obama again thanked the pope. "We look forward to a very strong relationship between our two countries," he said.
There was no immediate word on what was discussed in the meeting.
With some Catholic activists and American bishops outspoken in their criticism of Obama, even as polls have shown he received a majority of Catholic votes, the audience was much awaited.
Obama is very popular in Italy and several hundred people lining the broad avenue leading to St. Peter's Square cheered his limousine as it went by. Obama waved. Awaiting him at the Vatican was an honor guard of Swiss Guards in their colorful, striped uniforms.
Obama's election presented a challenge for the Vatican after eight years of common ground with President George W. Bush in opposing abortion, an issue that drew them together despite Vatican opposition to the war in Iraq.
But the Vatican has been openly interested in Obama's views and scheduled an unusual afternoon meeting to accommodate him at the end of his Italian stay for a G-8 summit meeting in the earthquake-stricken city of L'Aquila and just before he leaves for Ghana.
In the tradition-conscious Vatican, most such meetings are held at midday. The Vatican also arranged live TV coverage of the open session of the meeting after their private talks.
"I think there will be frank discussion," White House press secretary Robert Gibbs said earlier this week. "I think that there's a lot that they agree on that they'll get a chance to discuss."
"We know the pope has been keenly aware of the president's outreach to the Muslim world. The pope shares the president's view on reducing the number of nuclear weapons. So I think there's certainly a lot of common ground."
Benedict broke Vatican protocol the day after Obama was elected by sending a personal note of congratulations rather than waiting and sending the usual brief telegram on Inauguration Day.
"I've had a wonderful conversation with the pope over the phone right after the election," Obama told a group of Catholic journalists in Washington before he left for Europe. "And in some ways we see this as a meeting with any other government — the government of the Holy See. There are going to be some areas where we've got deep agreements; there are going to be some areas where we've got some disagreements."
But he acknowledged the pope is more than a government head, saying the church "has such profound influence worldwide and in our country."
L'Osservatore Romano, the Vatican's daily newspaper, gave Obama a positive review after his first 100 days in office. In a front-page editorial, it said that even on ethical questions Obama hadn't confirmed the "radical" direction he discussed during the campaign.
Tensions grew when Obama was invited to receive an honorary degree at the leading U.S. Catholic university, Notre Dame. Dozens of U.S. bishops denounced the university and the local bishop boycotted the ceremony.
Former St. Louis Archbishop Raymond Burke, who now heads a Vatican tribunal, accused Obama of pursuing anti-life and antifamily agendas. He called it a "scandal" that Notre Dame had invited him to speak.
Yet L'Osservatore concluded that Obama was looking for some common ground with his speech, noting he asked Americans to work together to reduce the number of abortions.
Some conservative American Catholics criticized the Vatican newspaper for its accommodating stance.
This week, Cardinal Justin Rigali, who heads the U.S. bishops' Committee on Pro-Life Activities, complained that the final guidelines of the National Institutes of Health for human embryonic stem cell research are broader than the draft guidelines.
As a child in Indonesia, Obama's Muslim father enrolled him in Catholic school for a few years. Obama is a Protestant.
White House national security aide Denis McDonough, speaking to reporters Thursday on the influence of Catholic social teaching on Obama, said the president "expresses many things that many Catholics recognize as fundamental to our teaching."
Obama "often refers to the fundamental belief that each person is endowed with dignity ... The dignity of people is a driving goal in what we hope to accomplish in development policy, for example, and in foreign policy," McDonough said.
In the interview with Catholic journalists, Obama said he would tell the pope of his concern that the world financial crisis is not "borne disproportionally by the most poor and vulnerable countries."
Just this week, Benedict issued a major document calling for a new world financial order guided by ethics and the search for the common good, denouncing the profit-at-all-cost mentality blamed for bringing about the global financial meltdown.
As Obama has pledged to step-up efforts for Middle East peace through a two-state solution, Benedict made a similar appeal during a trip in May to Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian territories. He issued the Vatican's strongest call yet for a Palestinian state.
Obama met first with Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, the Vatican's secretary of state, before meeting Benedict in the pope's study.
Obama's wife, Michelle, joined him at the end of the meeting, and gifts were exchanged. Daughters Malia and Sasha, who accompanied their parents on the weeklong trip, also met Benedict. They were ushered out of the room before the media were allowed back in.
Several senior White House staff members also met the pope, with some either shaking his hand or kissing his ring.

Obama asks Russians to forge partnership with US

MOSCOW – Working to turn Russia from antagonist to ally, President Barack Obama asked the Russian people Tuesday to "forge a lasting partnership" with the U.S., but he acknowledged after talks with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin that on divisive issues there won't be "a meeting of the minds anytime soon."
Obama was wrapping up a two-day stay in Russia, during which he and President Dmitry Medvedev said they were determined by year's end to negotiate a new nuclear arms treaty that would slash both country's arsenals by about one-third.
After breakfast at Putin's country home, Obama sped back to central Moscow to tell the graduating class of the prestigious New Economic School that the U.S. and Russia were not "destined to be antagonists."
Throughout his young presidency, Obama has hewed to a singular message about U.S.-Russian relations, insisting that both nations must get beyond the kind of thinking that gripped Moscow and Washington during the decades of the Cold War. He reprised that in his graduation speech.
"It is difficult to forge a lasting partnership between former adversaries," Obama said. "But I believe on the fundamental issues that will shape this century, Americans and Russians share common interests that form a basis for cooperation."
Before leaving for Russia, Obama had said that Putin had "one foot in the old ways of doing business and one foot in the new." After breakfast with the Russian leader, he told Fox News Channel: "I found him to be tough, smart, shrewd , very unsentimental, very pragmatic. And on areas where we disagree, like Georgia, I don't anticipate a meeting of the minds anytime soon."
Putin, the former Russian president, also spoke warmly of his country's hopes for improved U.S. ties with Obama in the White House.
"With you we link all our hopes for the furtherance of relations between our two countries," the former KGB official said, sitting next to Obama.
The White House had been hoping to reach a broader Russian audience with Obama's speech, but the address was not widely available on television. It was carried live on the 24-hour news channel Vesti, but not on any of the main, more widely watched Russian outlets such as First Channel, Rossiya, or NTV.
Obama used his speech to further define his view of the United States' place in the world and, specifically, to argue that the U.S. shares compelling interests with Russia.
"Let me be clear: America wants a strong, peaceful and prosperous Russia," he declared.
His upbeat comments showed Obama's determination to turn around public opinion in Russia, where polls show people are wary of the United States and take a skeptical view of Obama himself.
He said Russian and U.S. interests largely overlap in halting the spread of nuclear weapons, confronting violent extremists, ensuring economic prosperity, advancing the rights of people and fostering cooperation without jeopardizing sovereignty.
But he also sprinkled in challenges to Russia, particularly in the area of democracy. U.S. officials are wary of Russia's increasingly hard-line stand on dissent.
"By no means is America perfect," Obama said. But he also said: "Independent media have exposed corruption at all levels of business and government. Competitive elections allow us to change course. ... If our democracy did not advance those rights, I as a person of African ancestry wouldn't be able to address you as an American citizen, much less a president."
Obama said the U.S. will not try to impose any kind of governing system on another country. But he argued for democratic values "because they are moral, and also because they work."
On Georgia and Ukraine — two nations that have sought NATO membership to the chagrin of neighboring Russia — Obama tried a diplomatic touch. He defended the steps nations must take to join the alliance, adding, "NATO seeks collaboration with Russia, not confrontation."
The White House described the session positively, on the whole.
Both sides agreed to try to be better listeners and pay more attention to how each side is looking at the same issues, said one senior administration official, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss details of the private meeting that was described as "very candid."
Before the speech Obama held what the White House characterized as a "good meeting" with former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. The U.S. leader, accompanied by Medvedev, also met with U.S. and Russian business leaders. Obama also met with a diverse collection of nongovernment leaders from both countries — health experts, environmentalists, reporters, human rights advocates — who held their own summit to re-engage engage bilateral cooperation.
Obama also met with Russian opposition leaders.
On Wednesday he heads to a G-8 summit in Italy. While there he will meet Pope Benedict XVI, before moving on to Ghana where he plans to deliver what the White House describes as a major foreign policy speech.

Obama's diplomacy being tested in Russia

MOSCOW – President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev are launching two days of high-stakes meetings expressing confidence that they can make progress.
Obama and his Russian counterpart sat down Monday in an ornate room of the Kremlin to start the first full-scale U.S.-Russia summit since the early part of the George W. Bush presidency.
Opening their talks, Obama told reporters that "the United States and Russia have more in common than they have differences." Medvedev said the two leaders will be "closing some of the pages of the past and opening some of the pages of the future."
Just before the meetings began, the two countries announced a few minor side agreements aimed at showing results.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.
MOSCOW (AP) — President Barack Obama opened his first Moscow summit on Monday, meetings sure to test his diplomatic skills like no others but already set to deliver tangible progress on important priorities such as nuclear arsenal reductions and help for the fight in Afghanistan.
Obama's distinctive Air Force One jetliner touched down with drizzly gray skies blanketing Moscow. He continued down a formal reception line on the airport tarmac, introducing his wife, Michelle, and their two daughters to the Russian officials waiting to greet them.
The entourage then headed directly to a wreath-laying ceremony at Russia's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, brilliant sun breaking over the city's center through the days of clouds as they drove in. The president walked slowly behind three high-stepping Russian soldiers, then straightened the wreath's ribbon where they placed it in front of the eternal flame and stood alone briefly.
From there, Obama was meeting at the Kremlin with President Dmitry Medvedev, a full-scale, two-day U.S.-Russia summit that is the first of its kind since the early part of the George W. Bush presidency.
It presents a test for Obama, with Russia home to a wary public, a two-headed leadership and lingering hard feelings. What much of the world will watch are signs of Obama's relationship with Russia's two leaders, Medvedev and his mentor, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
The foundation set now could affect how much cooperation Obama gets in areas in which the U.S. needs help from Russia — chiefly pressuring Iran and North Korea to give up their nuclear weapons ambitions, but also in tackling terrorism, global warming and the economy.
Both sides are talking of improving their ties and wanting to show some early results.
Agreements negotiated before Obama showed up with give him something to take home, including another step toward the world's two largest nuclear powers reducing their arsenals. Also, the White House announced Monday that the two nations are establishing a joint commission to try to account for missing service members of both countries dating back to World War II. Four working groups will look into missing military personnel from World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cold War and Soviet military personnel still missing from Moscow's 10-year occupation of Afghanistan.
"At the moment I think we are all moderately optimistic, both the Russian side and the American side, so far as I know," Medvedev said ahead of Obama's arrival in an interview with Italian news outlets. "I have heard what my colleague President Obama has been saying. And so we are very much looking forward to the visit of the president of the United States."
Obama has been saying the United States needs to reset its relationship with Russia. As he told a Russian-language news channel in the days before the summit: "America respects Russia. We want to build relations where we deal as equals."
Yet he also caused a stir in Russia by telling The Associated Press last week that Putin has to learn that "the old Cold War approaches to U.S.-Russian relations is outdated." That only elevated the stakes of Obama's first meeting with Putin, which is set for Tuesday.
Russia and the United States have been allies and adversaries. Obama inherited more of the latter, with relations having tanked in 2008 over Russia's war with neighboring Georgia.
Obama got off to a solid start, though, with Medvedev during an April meeting in London.
The summit starts a weeklong trip for Obama that also features G-8 meetings and a visit with the pope in Italy, and a speech in Ghana.
Obama's mission in Moscow is two-pronged, divided over two days. Building ties and inking security and cultural deals with the leadership comes first. He will also devote a prominent amount of time to leaders of Russia's civil society to help those relationships, too.
There is plenty of room for improvement. Obama, who has enjoyed adoring crowds in travels across Europe so far, will face a skeptical Russian population, polling out Sunday shows.
Only 23 percent of Russians have confidence in Obama to do the right thing in international affairs, according to the University of Maryland's WorldPublicOpinion.org. Just 15 percent of the Russians polled said the U.S. is playing a positive role in the world; most said the United States abuses it power and makes Russia do what the U.S. wants.
"I would like there to be real change, not just talk," said Valentina Titova, a 60-year-old retired economist strolling not far from the Kremlin. "I would like to see American meddle less in other countries. They think they're so superior to others, they put themselves on a pedestal."
Aiming to change attitudes, Obama will outline his vision for U.S.-Russian relations at a speech at the New Economic School. It is unclear how many people will see it. Russian leaders control the television outlets.
The dominant theme of the summit is security, and Obama and Medvedev are set to announce progress toward renewing a strategic arms reduction pact that expires in December. The eventual deal could cut warheads from more than 2,000 each to as low as 1,500 apiece.
Russia is also agreeing to let the United States use its territory and air space to move arms into Afghanistan for the forces fighting extremists there. That deal, a big breakthrough for Obama in dealing with a widening war, was announced before Obama's arrival.
The two sides remain in a stalemate over the U.S. pursuit of a missile-defense system in Europe. Obama's administration is reviewing the efficacy of plan, which Bush had pushed hard.
U.S. leaders have expressed hope of getting Russian cooperation on missile defense. But both sides have also shown signs of hardening their positions ahead of the summit.
The basic problem is unchanged: The U.S. contends the program is designed to protect U.S. allies in Europe from a potential nuclear attack by Iran, but the Russians see it as a first step toward a system that could weaken their offensive nuclear strike potential.
"We're going to have to work our way through that," Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, told "Fox News Sunday."

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